Several of the original Romanesque structures were torn down to make way for this revolutionary new architectural style.if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-listerious_com-large-leaderboard-2-0')};Romanesque remains / Roland Burckel / https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en. Strasbourg Cathedral or the Cathedral of Our Lady of Strasbourg (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg, or Cathédrale de Strasbourg, German: Liebfrauenmünster zu Straßburg or Straßburger Münster), also known as Strasbourg Minster, is a Catholic cathedral in Strasbourg, Alsace, France. Each has a particular theme of decoration; the left portal is dedicated to the infancy of Christ, the central portal to redemption, and the right portal to the Last Judgement. A pointed arch frames the window, and a row of blind arches at the lower level completes the decoration. if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-listerious_com-leader-2-0')};Together with the Cologne Cathedral, the façade of the Strasbourg Cathedral is considered to be one of the first buildings in history which made architectural drawings necessary to make it conceivable. [71], The three levels of the nave; arcades and collateral aisles (bottom); triforium, and upper windows, The nave is the section of the cathedral between the narthex and the choir where ordinary parishioners are seated and worship. Above this is a globe, with painted figures of the Church and the Antichrist confronting each other. This Carolingian church is believed to have had an apse flanked by two chapels and a nave covered with a wooden beamed roof, but no trace remains today. The tracery and decoration of the interior are very much like of that exterior, with blind galleries and delicate parallel vertical lines, like the strings of a harp. The original statues were replaced by copies in the 20th century and are today kept in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame. [34] Fragments can be seen in the Musée de l’Œuvre Notre-Dame. The ornate and colourful decoration of pinnacle, spires, and sculpture Sculpture also hangs beneath the organ, including a moving figure of Samson opening the jaws of a lion. It’s considered to be the epitome of French Gothic architecture, 5. By the use of buttresses and a double wall, the outer wall decorative with wide spaces, and the inner wall bearing the weight and having large windows, the interior of the cathedral could have more light. Formerly the floor of the crossing was filled with tombs of notable religious figures, but they were moved in later reconstructions. On the east wall, the windows depict Christ in Majesty, Saint Lawrence, a Virgin and Child, and John the Baptist. This enormous bell was installed but cracked shortly afterwards. Even though the cathedral was eventually surpassed in height by the St. Nikolai Church in Hamburg, Germany, it still holds the record of being the tallest church in the world that was completely constructed during the Middle Ages. [25][26][27], The octagonal north tower was the combined work of architects Ulrich Ensingen (shaft) and Johannes Hültz of Cologne (top). The planned south tower was never built and as a result, with its characteristic asymmetrical form, the cathedral is now the premier landmark of Alsace. Portal of Saint Lawrence (North transept). The chevet, or east end, probably also had a tower, and was flanked by two chapels. The original Romanesque crypt was kept and expanded westwards. It weighs 7.5 tons and 2.2 meters in diameter, and was cast in 1447 by Hans Gremp. A large arched bay occupies the central portion, just below a balustrade. In 1505, architect Jakob von Landshut and sculptor Hans von Aachen finished rebuilding the Saint-Lawrence portal (Portail Saint-Laurent) outside the northern transept in a markedly post-Gothic, early-Renaissance style. A monument has been erected in his honor in a town nearby called “Steinbach” which is part of the town of Baden-Baden, about 30 kilometers (20 miles) to the northeast of Strasbourg. Cathedral Notre-Dame de Strasbourg is located in the Alsace region of France. [22] He completed the installation of the rose window, and above it twelve statues of the apostles. Outside, the facade is the greatest "book" of images the Middle Ages has to offer. [83], Canon Conrad de Bussnang prayng to Virgin and Child. [80], The man on the balustrade (south transept). A Romanesque portal opens to the cloister outside. The construction, and later maintenance, of the cathedral is supervised by the Fondation de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame ("Foundation of Our Lady") since at least 1224. [82] The present clock was built by Jean-Baptiste Schwilguẻ between 1837 and 1842.[82]. Today it is the sixth-tallest church in the world and the highest extant structure built entirely in the Middle Ages. Behind him is the portal of Saint Laurent. An even older bell, by Jean Jacques-Miller (1595), repeats the sounding of the hours one minute later. The clock shows much more than the official time; it also indicates solar time, the day of the week (each represented by a god of mythology), the month, the year, the sign of the zodiac, the phase of the moon and the position of several planets. The northern transept is decorated with the “Emperor Windows,” also referred to as the “Kaiserfenster.”. This project was completed in 1926, after the end of the war. The first version of the church was starting to be built during 1015 by proposal of Bishop Werner von Habsburg, but fire destroyed most of the original Romanesque building. The two lower lancet windows were put together in the 19th century out of glass from different centuries. Eine Baugeschichte", "1399 à 1419 : Construction de la haute tour", "Jubilé du demi-millénaire de la flèche de la cathédrale de Strasbourg. Strasbourg's bicultural heritage has owed the city to be the seat of the Franco-German TV channel Arte (along with Baden-Baden). The columns are lavishly decorated with sculpted foliage. Strasbourg cathedral is impossible to miss seeing as it's practically seen from every panoramic part of the city and from many of the same points. Although considerable parts of it are still in Romanesque architecture, it is widely considered[2][3][4][5] to be among the finest examples of Rayonnant Gothic architecture. This concludes the ultimate list of facts about Strasbourg Cathedral, one of the most amazing Gothic cathedrals ever built that used to be the tallest building in the world for 227 years! The statue of the "Synagogue" is blindfolded, since Jews did not recognise the divinity of Christ. Construction of the original, on the exact site of a Roman temple, was initiated in 1015 but later destroyed by a fire. [52], The portal of Saint-Laurent, on the north transept, The three Kings with the Virgin Mary and child, Original statues in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, The portal of Saint Lawrence, was added to the north transept between 1495 and 1505 by Jacob von (or Jacques de) Landshut, with sculptures by Hans von Aachen (aka Johan von Ach, or Jean d'Aix-la-Chapelle) and Conrad Sifer. The church is located in the Alsace Region in eastern France, 2. Strasbourg Cathedral de Notre-Dame is known as one of the most beautiful gothic cathedrals in Europe. The design called for a west front taller and wider than the nave behind it. Different characters, representing the ages of life (from a child to an old man) parade in front of Death. In the portal of the Last Judgement, (right) Christ sits on his throne sorting the virtuous from the wicked. In the south transept, the lancet and oculus windows in the two large bays on the east, built in 1220–1227, are modelled after those in the lower choir of Chartres Cathedral. It took almost two centuries to complete this structure. It is separated from the nave by two massive massive pillars, 8.5 by 5 meters, which support the tower above. Its 142 metre-high spire was the highest monument in the world from 1647 until 1874, and its height makes it the second-tallest cathedral in France after that of Rouen. Other scenes are painted onto the reverse of the bas-reliefs. The small circular windows above the Emperors depict scenes from the life of Christ.[72]. if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-listerious_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0')};One of the most amazing facts about Strasbourg Cathedral is that an addition was made in the early 16th century in the post-Gothic, early-Renaissance style, as well. The face is flanked by two cylindrical towers with narrow lancet windows and pointed roofs. This massive façade was decorated with thousands of figures giving it a unique and magnificent impression!Claude Truong-Ngoc / Wikimedia Commons – cc-by-sa-3.0. Between the lower tower and spire there is a balustrade, almost hidden by pinnacles and other architectural decoration. Like the city of Strasbourg, the cathedral connects German and French cultural influences, while the eastern structures, e.g. In the late Middle Ages, the city of Strasbourg had managed to liberate itself from the domination of the bishop and to rise to the status of Free Imperial City. Ensingen worked on the cathedral from 1399 to 1419, taking over from Claus von Lohre, and Hültz from 1419 to 1439, completing the building at last. These include some of the original statues from the portals and facade dating from the 13th century, including the statues of "The Church" and "The Synagogue" from the portal of the south transept. Strasbourg Architecture. A round, Baroque sacristy of modest proportions was added north-east of the northern transept in 1744 by the city's chief architect Joseph Massol according to plans by Robert de Cotte and between 1772 and 1778 architect Jean-Laurent Goetz surrounded the cathedral by a gallery in early Gothic Revival style in order to reorganise the merchants' shops that used to settle around the building (and would do so until 1843). [48], In 2000, an Al-Qaeda plot to bomb the adjacent Christmas market was prevented by French and German police. [55], Lintel decoration – Mary ascends to Heaven, Ecclesia and Synagoga among other statues from the cathedral in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, The south portal, or Portal of the Virgin, dates to about the 1220s, the same time as the Pillar of the Angels and the Astronomic clock in the interior. Strasbourg benefited from a long period of expansion and prosperity thanks to the obtaining of justice and minting rights following Otto the Great’s founding of the Holy Roman Empire in 962.On the strength of this temporal power, the Bishop of Strasbourg continued to enjoy a strong influence, especially Werner of Habsburg who decided on the construction of a Romanesque cathedral … The first cathedral was built on top of this temple and as completed in the 7th century, bit nothing of these structures remains today. Apart from its sumptuous Gothic cathedral, Strasbourg is well-known for its historical timber-framed houses. They were manufactured between 1638 and 1657 in Paris by Pierre Damour. On a clear day, it can be seen all the way from the Vosges Mountains, a mountain range over 30 kilometers to the southeast of the city, and the Black Forest, a famous forest an equal distance to the east!Front of the church / Alexandre Prévot / https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/deed.en. The landmark of the city is the Cathedral of Notre Dame. It was electrified after 1807, and was restored and modified several times, most recently in 1934–35 and in 1975-81, giving it the current forty-seven jeux.[75]. [39], In 1903, the architect Johann Knauth discovered cracks on the first pillar of the northern side of the nave. Places of worship, including several cathedrals and a Basilica, stood at the site of the present-day cathedral starting from at least the fifth century. He was followed by a Michael von Freiburg (also known as Michael von Gmünd, or Michael Parler, from the Parler family of architects), recorded as magister operis in 1383–1387,[23] who was then succeeded by Claus von Lohre (1388−1399). Although considerable parts of it are still in Romanesque architecture, it is widely considered to be among the finest examples of high, or late, Gothic architecture. It was the highest building in the world from 1647 to 1874. if(typeof __ez_fad_position != 'undefined'){__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-listerious_com-leader-1-0')};The main architect and the man credited with most of the cathedral’s design was Erwin von Steinbach (1244-1318), a German architect. At the same time, the planned two spires on either side of the facade would reach an extraordinary height of 122 meters. The belltower is 142 m high. [51], The west front takes its distinctive appearance and sense of verticality from the dense network of lacelike pointed gables, pinnacles and tall, slender columns that cover it. While it’s most definitely assumed that drawings of buildings were made prior to the construction of this cathedral, the construction of this particular church marked an important moment in architectural history. This is crowned by the cross, which is surrounded by four smaller crosses and images of the host and chalice, elements of the liturgy of the Eucharist. 3 The Masonic History Company, Chicago, New York, London. [83], In 2004 the apse and choir received some of its historic furnishings; fifteen choir stalls made by Claude Burdy and Claude Bergerat in 1692, as well as a group of busts of the apostles originally placed there in the 18th century.
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